Essay 2 Questions

Choose ONE of the questions below and answer it in an essay that is at least 2 pages long (no longer than 3 pages). Use specific examples of works of art and architecture which we have looked at in class and that are relevant to your argument.

1. Classical Athens had a strong influence on later generations. How is its influence felt in the art and architecture of the Roman Empire? Use 3-5 specific examples to support your argument. Consider which aspects of the examples you have chosen reflect Greek prototypes and which aspects make them distinctly Roman.

2. The Etruscans and the Early Christians both buried their dead in underground necropoleis. Compare and contrast the two cultures with regards to their burial practices. Consider tomb decorations and sarcophagi when choosing your (4-6) examples.

FINAL EXAM FRI JUN 6TH 11:00

8:00

• Presentations from Kyle, Matthew, and Andrea
• Gothic 
• Late Medieval Italy

9:30

• Exam review

11:00

• FINAL EXAM

***Bring a Blue/Green Book (NOT a scantron)

Chapter 13 Study Guide

Gothic Europe

Gothic

●      Chartres Cathedral (west facade), Chartres, France, c. 1145-1155

●      Old Testament kings and queens jamb statues, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, c. 1145-1155

●      Virgin and Child and angels (Notre Dame de la Belle Verriere), Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, c. 1170

●      Saint Theodore jamb statue, Porch of the Martyrs, Chartres Cathedral, France, c. 1230

●      Christ (Beau Dieu), trumeau statue from Amiens Cathedral, Amiens, France, c. 1220-1235

●      Gaucher de Reims and Bernard de Soissons, Reims Cathedral (west facade), Reims, France, c. 1225-1290

●      Annunciation and Visitation jamb statues, Reims Cathedral, Reims, France, c. 1230-1255

●      Sainte-Chapelle (interior), c. 1243-1248

1. What are the four defining characteristics of Gothic architecture?

2. List 2 structural advantages the pointed arch had over the round arch.

3. What is the function of the flying buttress?

4. How does the representation of Christ change from the Romanesque to Gothic periods?

Chapter 12 Study Guide

Romanesque Europe

Romanesque

●      Gislebertus, Last Judgment from Saint-Lazare, c. 1120-1135

●      Baptistery of San Giovanni, Florence, 1059

●      Durham Cathedral (interior), c. 1093

●      Master Hugo, Moses Expounding the Law, c. 1135

●      Eadwine the Scribe, Eadwine the Scribe at Work, c. 1160-1170

●      Battle of Hastings, Bayeux Tapestry, c. 1070-1080

1. What is a relic? What is a reliquary?

2. What did people in the Christian world fear would happen in the year AD1000?

3. Draw a simple floorplan illustrating the ‘pilgrimage church’ type. Include and label the following:

            a. nave

            b. aisles

            c. transept

            d. crossing

            e. ambulatory

            f. chapels (draw at least 4)

4. What advantage did stone vaults have over wooden roofs?

5. Why were so many Romanesque churches of such great size, even though they were frequently located in isolated places with small congregations?

6. What was the Battle of Hastings and why is it important to our study of art?

Chapter 11 Study Guide

Early Medieval Europe

Early Medieval

●      Chi-rho-iota page from the Book of Kells, Iona, Scotland, late 8th or early 9th century

●      Saint Matthew from the Lindisfarne Gospels, Northumbria, England, c. 698-721

●      High Cross of Muiredach, Monasterboice, Ireland, 923

●      Equestrian statuette of a Carolingian ruler (Charlemagne or Charles the Bald), Metz, France, 9th century

●      Saint Matthew from the Coronation Gospels, Aachen, Germany, c. 800-810

●      Saint Matthew from the Ebbo Gospels, Hautvillers, France, c. 816-835

●      Hildesheim Doors, Hildesheim, Germany, 1015

1. What was the only major institution to survive the fall of the Western Roman Empire?

2. The term ‘Insular’ encompasses the art of what region?

3. Who are the four evangelists and what are their symbols?

4. How did Charlemagne turn his court at Aachen into a major centre of culture and learning?

5. What does Charlemagne’s ‘Renovatio’ (Renewal) refer to? What was being renewed?

Chapter 10 Study Guide

The Islamic World

Islamic

●      Dome of the Rock (interior), Jerusalem, 687-692

●      Malwiya Minaret, Great Mosque at Samarra, 848-852

●      Prayer hall of the Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain, 8th-10th centuries

●      Court of the Lions, Palace of the Lions, Alhambra, Spain, 1354-1391

●      Sinan, Mosque of Selim II (exterior), Edirne, Turkey, 1568-1575

●      Bihzad, Seduction of Yusuf from Bustan of Sultan Husayn Mayqara, Afghanistan, 1488

1. What is a minaret?

2. What is the orientation of all mosques?

3. Explain the difference between mosaic tilework and cuerda seca tilework.

4. Why is abstract patterning so prevalent in Islamic decoration? 

Chapter 9 Study Guide

Byzantine Art

Byzantine

●      Barberini Ivory (Justinian as World Conqueror), mid-sixth century

●      Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus, Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, 532-537

●      Justinian, Bishop Maximianus, and Attendants, San Vitale, Ravenna, c. 547

●      Saint Apollinaris amid sheep, Sant’Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna, c. 533-549

●      Christ as Pantokrator (‘Ruler of All’), Church of the Dormition, Daphni, c. 1090-1100

●      Vladamir Virgin (Virgin of Compassion icon), late 11th or early 12th century

1. What city functioned as the capital of the Byzantine Empire? What is its modern day name?

2. How does the dome of Hagia Sophia differ from the dome of the Roman Pantheon in construction and material?

3. What aspects of the relief panel of Saint Michael the Archangel reflect classical influences (list 2)? What characteristics make it distinctly Byzantine (list 2)?

4. Define iconoclasm.

5. What is the subject of the Lamentation? Name at least 3 of the 5 biblical characters (excluding Jesus) most commonly depicted in Lamentation scenes.